Oral thrush

What is Oral Thrush?

Oral thrush, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans. This yeast is normally present in small amounts in the mouth, but can proliferate and cause an infection under certain conditions, such as when the body's natural defense mechanisms are weakened.

Symptoms of oral thrush include creamy white or yellowish patches on the tongue, inside the cheeks, or on the roof of the mouth. These patches may be painful and may bleed when scraped. Other symptoms may include redness and soreness in the affected areas, difficulty swallowing, and a loss of taste.

Risk factors for oral thrush include a weakened immune system, use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, poorly controlled diabetes, smoking, and poor oral hygiene. People with dentures may also be at a higher risk of developing oral thrush.

Diagnosis of oral thrush is typically made based on the appearance of the affected areas and a history of symptoms. A sample of the affected tissue may be taken for laboratory testing to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of yeast causing the infection.

Treatment for oral thrush usually involves antifungal medication in the form of lozenges, liquids, or pills. The specific type of antifungal used will depend on the severity of the infection and the individual's health. In some cases, antifungal medication may be applied directly to the affected areas.

Good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly and rinsing the mouth with salt water, can help prevent oral thrush. Maintaining a healthy immune system through diet and exercise, and avoiding factors that can weaken the immune system, such as smoking, can also reduce the risk of developing oral thrush.

It is important to complete the full course of antifungal medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. This will help prevent the yeast from becoming resistant to the antifungal and reduce the risk of recurrence.

In severe cases or in people with weakened immune systems, oral thrush may spread to other parts of the body and cause more serious infections. It is important to seek prompt medical treatment if oral thrush is suspected and to inform the healthcare provider of any other medical conditions or treatments being received.

In conclusion, oral thrush is a common fungal infection that can be treated with antifungal medication. Good oral hygiene and maintaining a healthy immune system can help prevent the development of oral thrush. If you suspect you have oral thrush, it is important to seek prompt medical treatment.