Keratitis

What is Keratitis?

Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye. The cornea is a critical component of the eye and provides most of the eye's focusing power. When it becomes inflamed, it can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, redness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.

Keratitis can be caused by various factors, including infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic), physical injury, chemical exposure, autoimmune disorders, and wearing contact lenses for extended periods. Some specific types of keratitis include bacterial keratitis, viral keratitis, fungal keratitis, and herpetic keratitis.

Bacterial keratitis is a common type of keratitis caused by bacterial infections. It can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial keratitis can be treated with antibiotics, either topical (applied directly to the eye) or oral.

Viral keratitis is caused by viral infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). It is usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as cold sores or chickenpox. Treatment for viral keratitis may include antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and artificial tears.

Fungal keratitis is caused by fungal infections and is most common in warm, humid climates. It can be treated with antifungal medications, either topical or oral.

Herpetic keratitis is a type of viral keratitis caused by the herpes simplex virus. It can cause recurrent outbreaks and is often treated with antiviral medications, such as acyclovir.

Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the inflammation. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own, while in others, medical treatment is necessary. Treatment options may include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, corticosteroids, and artificial tears. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and promote healing.

It is important to take prompt action if you suspect you have keratitis. Delaying treatment can increase the risk of permanent vision loss or other complications. If you experience symptoms such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light, it is important to see an eye doctor as soon as possible.

In conclusion, keratitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. By understanding the various causes of keratitis and being aware of the symptoms, you can take the necessary steps to protect your vision and prevent complications. With proper treatment and care, most people with keratitis can fully recover their vision and prevent long-term complications.